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Records Committee (BOURC)

25th Report (October 1998)

Published in Ibis 141: 175-180 (January 1999)

The reports of the Records Committee contain additions, corrections and modifications to the list of birds of Britain and Ireland maintained by the Records Committee on behalf of the BOU. This report covers the period October 1997 to September 1998 and is the ninth to follow publication of the most recent Checklist of Birds of Britain and Ireland (6th edition, March 1992). The Twenty-fourth Report appeared in Ibis 140: 182-184. The Checklist is available from the BOU Office and specialist bookshops, price £2.00 (UK) and £3.00 (overseas) (prices inc. p&p).

The British and Irish List

A major change adopted in this Report for the first time concerns the treatment of Irish records. For many years, these have been assessed by the Irish Rare Birds Committee (IRBC) and published separately in the Irish Bird Report in Irish Birds. These records have traditionally been incorporated by the BOURC into a list for the whole zoogeographic region of Britain and Ireland. At the request of the IRBC, it has been agreed that the BOU will cease to maintain a list for Britain and Ireland. As a consequence of this, BOURC will now maintain a list for Britain alone. The Northern Ireland Birdwatchers’ Association (NIBA) will maintain a list for that region, and their decisions, along with those relating to the Isle of Man, will be published in Ibis, as well as in the respective national reports
        The IRBC have recently published a Checklist of the Birds of Ireland (1998), copies of which are obtainable from BirdWatch Ireland at Ruttledge House, 8 Longford Place, Monkstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland, price £5(I) each including p.& p..

Categorisation

The past year has seen the publication of a major review of categorisation of the British List (British Birds 91: 2-11). This was initiated after the BOU/Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Spring Conference in 1995 on naturalised and introduced birds, when a need was identified to allow for easier monitoring of escaped and naturalised species. Additionally, it had been recognised that lists were needed for Britain (England, Scotland and Wales, plus their offshore islands), Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man, to assist conservation agencies and Government in their work, particularly regarding the legal status of bird species in these separate legislative areas. This will facilitate future reviews of the laws relating to bird protection in these legislative regions.
        Following the review of the categorisation of records, the Union has adopted the following categories for the purposes of the British List:

Category Definitions

A      Species that have been recorded in an apparently natural state at least once since 1st January 1950

B      Species that would otherwise be in Category A but have not been recorded since 31st December 1949

C      Species that although originally introduced by Man, either deliberately or accidentally, have established breeding populations derived from introduced stock that maintain themselves without necessary recourse to further introduction.

  • C1 Naturalised introductions: species that have occurred only as a result of introduction
  • C2 Naturalised establishments: species with established populations as a result of introduction by Man, but which also occur in an apparently natural state
  • C3 Naturalised re-establishments: species with populations successfully re-established by Man in areas of former occurrence
  • C4 Naturalised feral species: domesticated species with populations established in the wild
  • C5 Vagrant naturalised species: species from established naturalised populations abroad

     Species that would otherwise appear in Categories A or B except that there is reasonable doubt that they have ever occurred in a natural state

E      Species that have been recorded as introductions, transportees or escapees fromcaptivity, and whose breeding populations (if any) are thought not to be self-sustaining. Species in Category E which have bred in Britain will be designated as E*.

The list proper will continue to consist of species established in the wild; i.e. Categories A, B and C. Categories A and B describe species that have occurred in an apparently natural state since 1st January 1950 and before 1st January 1950 respectively. The date for distinguishing between these two categories was formerly 1st January 1958 (when the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) commenced assessing records) but the BOURC has moved to using 1950 to standardise with other rarities committees in Europe.
        Category C has been subdivided to make clear the origins of those species that are established in the wild as a result of introductions, either deliberate or accidental. Category D, which was introduced in 1971 to act as a holding category for species that may qualify for the main list in future, has been reduced from four subcategories to a single category.
        The new Category E has been created to accommodate species occurring as escapes, but which are not yet firmly established. Escapes will be in Category E; escapes which have bred will be in subcategory E*. This is the first attempt by the BOU to compile a list of species occurring as escapes and represents a significant step forward in the monitoring of birds in the UK and the Isle of Man. BOURC will not formally assess records of such species for identification, but will maintain the list based on information received, mainly from county bird reports and recorders. The addition of Category E provides, for the first time, a complete picture of all the bird species (including escapes) occurring in the wild in Britain.
        A more detailed explanation of the new categories, and examples of species included in each, will be found in British Birds 91: 2-11.
        We are grateful to the following organisations who have indicated their support for the work undertaken by the BOU and its Records Committee in maintaining a list of birds recorded in Britain: • British Trust for Ornithology • Countryside Council for Wales • English Nature • Joint Nature Conservation Committee • Royal Society for the Protection of Birds • Scottish Natural Heritage • Scottish Ornithologists’ Club • Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust

New pocket-list
In April 1998 the BOU issued The British List, a pocket-list of the birds of Great Britain with lists for Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man. Generously supported by Leica Camera Ltd. and based on the 1992 BOU Checklist and subsequent amendments, this new list is intended for informal use and is not for citation purposes. It excludes records from the Republic of Ireland, but includes the new categories referred to above. Some 80,000 copies were produced and distributed free with the main birdwatching magazines. Further copies are available from the BOU Office on receipt of a stamped (2nd Class), self-addressed envelope. The list will be produced annually subject to the availability of sponsorship.

The Internet - http:/www.bou.org.uk

During the year the BOU launched its own website on the Internet. This includes several pages on the work of the BOURC. Visitors to the BOU website will find the British List, press releases and lists of recent decisions and files currently in circulation. The website is for information purposes only, and is not an official document nor part of the permanent record. As with press releases, any announcements of changes to the British List shown on the website do not take effect until published in Ibis. The site can be accessed at http://www.bou.org.uk/

Changes to the British List and the Northern Ireland List

These include new additions to the Lists; changes resulting from the separation of Irish records; and changes resulting from the review of categorisation as described above. Unless indicated otherwise, all changes refer to the British List.

Bulwer’s Petrel Bulweria bulwerii
Transfer from Category A to Category B. Following the separation of Irish records, the most recent British record is of a bird found dead near Scarborough,Yorkshire, on 28 February 1908. (See also under Files under consideration).

Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens
Transfer from Category B to Category A.
The only record is of one on Tiree, Inner Hebrides, found dying, on 10 July 1953.

Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus
Previously in Categories A and D4; remain in A and transfer from D4 to E*.

Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus
Transfer from Category D4 to E*.

Snow Goose Anser caerulescens
Previously in Categories A and D4; remain in A and transfer from D4 to E*.

Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis
Previously in Categories A and D4; remain in A and transfer from D4 to E*.

Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata
Transfer from Category D4 to E*.

Wood Duck Aix sponsa
Transfer from Category D4 to E*.

Canvasback Aythya valisineria (Wilson)
Add to Category A
First-winter male, Welney and Wissington, Norfolk, 18 January to 10 March 1997 intermittently; sight record; photographed (Birding World 10: 16-18).
        Monotypic. The species breeds in North America, from central Alaska to northeast California and east to Minnesota, and winters from Alaska to New England south to Mexico and Florida. The species has increased dramatically in recent years, having nearly doubled its population in the four years up to 1996. There is one previous accepted record for the Western Palearctic, in Iceland on 11 April 1977; a record from West Germany in January-March 1987 is regarded as an escape. Although there are a number of Canvasbacks in captivity in Britain and on the Continent, the circumstances of this record suggested that it referred to a wild individual.
        An earlier record of a bird at Cliffe, Kent, on 7 December 1996 is still under consideration.

White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla
Previously in Categories A and D4; remain in A and transfer from D4 to E*.

Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Add to Category A of Northern Ireland List.
Juvenile near Garrison, Fermanagh, 11 January 1973, shot; specimen originally identified as White-tailed Eagle H. albicilla (Irish Bird Report 21:12; Irish Birds 5: 456).
        This is the first record for the Western Palearctic of this nearctic species, which breeds across the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Canada and the United States. There is a later record in Ireland of a juvenile captured, exhausted, at Ballymacelligot, near Castleisland, Kerry, on 15 November 1987.

Chukar Alectoris chukar
Transfer from Category D4 to E*.

Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus Pallas
Add to Category A.
Summer-plumaged adult, Pagham Harbour, West Sussex, 14-16 August 1997; sight record; photographed (Birding World 10: 294-297).
        The identification of this bird was confirmed by photographs. It showed characters of the atrifrons group of races (Charadrius mongolus atrifrons, C. m. pamirensis and C. m. schaeferi) which breed in Central Asia and winter along the coasts of East and South Africa and Southern Asia. There are at least nine previous European records of the species..
        The identification of an earlier record of a bird on the Don Estuary, Aberdeenshire, on 18-19 August 1991 which was identified, and accepted by BBRC, as a Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii is being reconsidered by that Committee.

Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago
Add subspecies delicata to Category A of the Northern Ireland List.
Juvenile near Coleraine, Londonderry, 28 October 1991, shot (Irish Birds 6:75).
        This is now the first record for the Western Palearctic of this nearctic race. It breeds across the eastern Aleutians, Alaska, Canada and the United States, wintering from north west and central USA through Central America and the Greater Antilles to northern South America. Two earlier records on the British and Irish List (Outer Hebrides, Scotland, 26 October 1920 and Bolton, Lancashire, September 1957) were subsequently considered to be not acceptable, and the race was deleted from the British List in 1993 (Ibis 135: 493-499).

Hume’s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus humei
The bird recorded at Beachy Head, East Sussex, in 1966 was first seen on 13 (not 14) November.

Summer Tanager Piranga rubra
Transfer from Category B to Category A.
The only record is of one, trapped, on Bardsey Island, Gwynedd, 11-25 September 1957.

Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus)
Change to Category A.
First-winter male, Ramsey Island, Dyfed, 18-26 October 1996; sight record; photographed (Birding World 9: 398).
        Monotypic. This species was formerly in Category A of the British and Irish List on the basis of a record from Cape Clear Island, Co.Cork, Ireland, 9-19 October 1985 (Irish Birds 3: 331 and Ibis 130: 334-337). Four previous records, currently in Category D, were reviewed, but no case was found for upgrading any of these individuals (Fair Isle, Shetland, August 1964; Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex, September 1973; Holkham Meals, Norfolk, October 1988; and Flamborough, North Humberside, May 1989).

The following have also been considered:

Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor
Four, Ditchford and Stanwick Gravel Pits, Northamptonshire, 1 October 1997.
        The species is commonly held in captivity and there is no reason to suppose that these birds were other than of captive origin.

Little Tern Sterna albifrons antillarum
Rye Harbour, East Sussex, many dates between 1983 and 1993. Colne Point, Essex, 29 June-1 July 1991. See Ibis 139: 197-201.
        The Committee has been unable to obtain reliable data on, or recordings of, the vocalisations of the West African race guineae of Little Tern. Until these data are available no definitive decision can be made, and the Committee has, for now, closed its file.

Jackdaw Corvus monedula soemmerringii
On the basis of sight records, this race has been claimed to have occurred in Britain on a number of occasions. Examination of the literature and skins indicate that plumage characters of Jackdaws are so variable that the Committee considers that this taxon can be accepted as new to Britain only if a breeding bird or pullus ringed within its normal breeding range is recovered in Britain and shows the characters of the race. In France up to 1995, there were 11 recoveries of birds ringed in Poland, Lithuania and Finland (Ornithos 2: 168-169), and eastern Jackdaws may be expected to occur in Britain.

Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita
Following earlier work by Christian Erard, Marc Salomon and others, recent research in Germany by Andreas Helbig, Jochen Martens and colleagues has shown that the Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita should be split into at least four separate species. Evidence from acoustics, morphology, and molecular biology has been published (Ibis 138: 650-666 and references therein) revealing that birds from Iberia P. brehmii and the Canary Islands P. canariensis are clearly distinct. Furthermore, the populations inhabiting mountainous regions of the Caucasus and eastern Turkey across into Afghanistan are separable into two closely similar forms P. (sindianus) sindianus and P. (sindianus) lorenzii that are best treated as subspecies for now, but which future research may show to be similarly distinct.
        The birds that inhabit the rest of Europe, from the Pyrenees to western Russia, form a clinal group from the familiar greenish-olive birds (collybita) of the south-west through Scandinavia (abietinus) into the drab olive-grey (tristis) of Western Siberia. Helbig et al. suggest that their molecular data do not support the specific separation of tristis from the other two forms, although again, future research may modify these conclusions.

Following these findings, the BOURC has accepted that Chiffchaff be separated into four species:

  • Common Chiffchaff P. collybita
  • Canary Islands Chiffchaff P. canariensis
  • Iberian Chiffchaff P. brehmii
  • Mountain Chiffchaff P. sindianus

There are at present no accepted records of the latter three species on the British List, although a claim of an Iberian Chiffchaff is under consideration - see "Files under consideration" below.

Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs africana/ spodiogenys
Fingringhoe, Essex, 9-25 April 1994; presumed same, 2-21 January 1995. Identification as one of these taxa was not accepted, given several important anomalies in the plumage which could not be matched by skins in the extensive collections of the Natural History Museum, Tring, nor in the Musee d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Files under consideration as at 1 October 1998

Bulwer’s Petrel Bulweria bulwerii
Off South Walney, Cumbria, 17 April 1990 (British Birds 89: 485). This record, which has been accepted by BBRC, is under consideration to determine whether the species should be reinstated to Category A (see under Changes ... to the British List and the Northern Ireland List above).

Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis elegans
Specimen found dead at Musselburgh, Lothian, 1990.

Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus
Review of records from SW England to consider eligibility for Category D.

Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber
Review of migration and movements to assess likelihood of natural vagrancy from both western and eastern populations.

Wood Duck Aix sponsa
Review of records from Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly to assess eligibility for transfer from Category E* to A or D.

Bufflehead Bucephala albeola
Review of all pre-1958 records, following receipt of new information relating to the first record (Norfolk 1830).

Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus and Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus
Review of all records as part of the review of all species currently in Category B.

Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio
Sandscale Haws, Cumbria, 23-28 October 1997.

Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis meena
Spurn, Humberside, 1975. Only the nominate race is currently accepted.

Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe
Slapton, Devon, 22 April 1987. Previously not accepted (Ibis 136: 253-255); under reconsideration following receipt of further information.

Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos hafizi
Spurn, Humberside, 1991.

Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros
Review of all records of the eastern group of races ochruros/phoenicuroides/semirufus in the light of new information on Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus x Black Redstart P.ochruros hybrids.

Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida
Isle of May, Fife, 24-26 September 1967 and review of earlier records. New information recently received has necessitated a recirculation.

Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata rama
Lerwick, Shetland, 22 October-9 November 1993. New information recently received has necessitated a recirculation.

Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata annectens
Theddlethorpe Dunes, Lincolnshire, 12 October 1980. New information recently received has necessitated a recirculation.

Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus brehmii
Brent Reservoir, Greater London, singing, 3 June1972.

Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica
First summer, Fair Isle, Shetland, 1-2 July 1992. Previously not accepted (Ibis 136: 253-255); under reconsideration following receipt of further information.

Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki
First-winter male, Sunk Island Battery, Stone Creek, Humberside, 16-17 November 1991. Previously not accepted (Ibis 136: 253-255); under reconsideration following receipt of further information.

Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum
Adult male, Walney Island, Cumbria, remains found on tideline,18 May 1976. Currently in Category D; under review for possible transfer to Category A or E.

The decisions reported here bring the number of species on the British List to 554. This total does not include "soft-plumaged petrel" Pterodroma mollis/P. madeira/P. feae, as the birds were not identified to species level (Ibis 134: 180). Those species in Category D do not form part of the main list.

Category Totals

•  A — 530  •  B — 14  •  C — 9   •  Total — 553
One additional species, Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura, has been recorded in Category A in the Isle of Man only.
        Three additional species have been recorded in Category A in Northern Ireland only. These are Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus (recorded in Category D in Britain), Elegant Tern Sterna elegans and Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca.
        For a list of species that have occurred in Northern Ireland, see The British List, the BOU pocket-list.
        The reduction of Category D to a single category from four subcategories results in 16 species falling within that category of the British List. These are: Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus, Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber, Falcated Duck Anas falcata, Baikal Teal Anas formosa, Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris, Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Monk Vulture Aegypius monachus, Saker Falcon Falco cherrug, Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica, Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki, Daurian Starling Sturnus sturninus, White-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis, Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum, Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila, Red-headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps, and Blue Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea.

Subspecies

The Committee frequently receives for consideration records of birds which are claimed to belong to subspecies not yet on the British List, or recorded only rarely in the past. Some of these races are of doubtful validity, poorly differentiated, clinal or belonging to groups in need of revision. The records the Committee receives are often insufficiently documented, particularly sight records. The Committee reviews the records where possible, often conducting research into the validity of the races and the taxonomy of the species, but it is not practical or justifiable to investigate every case.
        The Committee welcomes records of rare races, especially those that are clearly valid and well-marked. Records should be well documented and birds should be trapped, measured and photographed alongside a colour-standard wherever possible. However, the Committee reserves the option to place records in the files for consideration at a later date, perhaps when further information becomes available or a pattern of occurrence emerges.
        The following are amongst the taxa which have been published in county bird reports and avifaunas as possibly occurring in Britain, but none has been submitted for consideration by BOURC. Where records are known, the county or counties is or are shown below. We would welcome details of any of these.

  • Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo maroccanus (Essex)
  • Great Egret Ardea alba egretta (Cambs/Northants)
  • Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca deglandi (Highland)
  • Red Knot Calidris canutus rufa (Kent)
  • Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Yorkshire)
  • Richard’s Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae dauricus (Cornwall)
  • White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus aquaticus (Hertfordshire)
  • Stonechat Saxicola torquata rubicola (Dyfed)
  • Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus fuscus (Yorkshire)
  • Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca minula (Kent, Yorkshire)
  • Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis icterops (Yorkshire)
  • Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus yakutensis (Yorkshire)
  • Willow Tit Parus montanus rhenanus (Yorkshire)
  • Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator badius (Gwent, Kent, Norfolk)

Publications from members of the BOU Records Committee relating to the British and Irish List since the last report(Ibis 140: 182-184).

  • Bradshaw, C. & Parkin, D.T. 1998. Comments on "Redhead in Nottinghamshire: new to Britain and Ireland" by M.C.Dennis. Br. Birds 91: 150-154.
  • Bradshaw, C. & Parkin, D.T. 1998. Comments on "Spectacled Warbler in North Yorkshire: new to Britain and Ireland" by C.C. Thomas, R.E. Harbird & P.J. Dunn. Br. Birds 91: 229-230.
  • Holmes, J., Marchant, J., Bucknell, N., Stroud, D., & Parkin, D.T. 1998. The British List: new categories and their relevance to conservation. Br. Birds 91: 2-11.
  • Hume, R.A. & Parkin, D.T. 1997. Comments on "Bay-breasted Warbler in Cornwall: new to Britain and Ireland" by D. Ferguson. Br. Birds 90: 448-449.
  • Hume, R.A. & Parkin, D.T. 1997. Comments on "Black-faced Bunting: new to Britain and Ireland" by P.J.Alker. Br. Birds 90: 556-561.
  • King, J. & Parkin, D.T. 1997. OrnithoNews: Great Skua upheavals. Birding World 10: 362-363.
English names

During the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) held in Vienna in 1994, it was reported that ornithologists from several different regions were attempting to standardise the common or vernacular names of birds in their native languages. French, Spanish, German and other languages were involved in this and their representatives had reached varying stages of completion.
        Frank Gill was authorised by the President of the International Ornithological Committee to produce a list of English names that could be recommended for use by ornithologists, birders and publishers in the English-speaking world. Regional committees were established for the major zoogeographical regions; that for the Palearctic is under the chairmanship of Dr. Christopher Perrins, and includes Per Alstrom, Mark Beaman and Professor David Parkin. The members were appointed by the IOC, and are independent of the BOU and the BOURC.
        It was reported at the IOC held in Durban in August 1998 that their preliminary list of Palearctic names is now almost complete, and will be circulated round the other regional committees before a list of provisional recommendations is made available to the ornithological public.

Acknowledgements

As ever, we are very grateful to observers who have supplied further details of records when requested. Other people have helped the Committee with individual records, and in particular we thank Alan Clark, Professor Christian Erard, Chris Heard, Tim Inskipp, Michael A. Patten and R. Southgate.
        Michael Rogers (BBRC Secretary) deserves a special vote of thanks for his assistance and patience over many records. The members of BBRC as always have made valuable comments on matters of identification. We appreciate the help of the IRBC and the NIBA over the separation of Irish and British records, and of the Manx Ornithological Society for providing up-to-date information relating to their list.
        The staff of The Natural History Museum, Tring, readily granted us access to skins and the library, and we thank Dr Robert Prys-Jones, Mark Adams, Don Smith, Cyril Walker, Michael Walters and Effie Warr for facilitating our researches there.

Committee membership

The following served as members of the Committee during the period covered by the report (expected year of retirement in brackets).

  • B.A.E.Marr (Chairman from May 1998) (2002)
  • Professor D.T.Parkin (Chairman until May 1998)
  • I. K.Dawson (Secretary) (2004)
  • C.Bradshaw (Chairman, BBRC, ex officio)
  • P.V.Harvey (2003)
  • Dr A.G.Knox (2001)
  • R.F.Porter (1999)
  • Dr.A.J.Prater (2006)
  • K.D.Shaw (2000)
  • K.E.Vinicombe
  • Dr.R.Wilkinson (2005)

We would like to record our particular gratitude to our outgoing Chairman, David Parkin, for his years of service including a four year term as Chairman, when he was instrumental in seeing through significant advances in categorisation issues and in continuing to keep records moving swiftly. Rob Hume resigned as Chairman of BBRC and Keith Vinicombe resigned from the Committee during the year under review. We are very grateful to both for their work for the Committee; to Rob for maintaining the vital link between BBRC and BOURC, and to Keith for tackling difficult identification problems with his customary meticulous attention to detail and good humour. Tim Inskipp, John Marchant and Keith Vinicombe all continued to help the Committee after they left it, for which we are very grateful.
        We were pleased to welcome Dr Tony Prater on to the Committee in May, and to co-opt Ian Lewington in July to replace Keith Vinicombe.

British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee
c/o The Natural History Museum, Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK
Email: bourc.sec@bou.org.uk

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