British Ornithologists Union: The British List Category D, E

Species that have been recorded as introductions, transportees or escapees from captivity, and whose British breeding populations (if any) are thought not to be self-sustaining.

This list has been compiled mostly from county/regional bird reports and other published listings, and is not exhaustive.

BOURC is unable to vouch for correct identification of these species, or the circumstances in which they were recorded; clearly doubtful cases have been excluded, however, pending enquiries, along with species not recorded with certainty since 1 January 1950.

Species of which Category E individuals are recorded as nesting with their own kind, and known or presumed to have originated from a captive origin, are marked with an asterisk (E*). Also given are any other categories of the British List in which the species is currently placed.

The BOU is responsible for maintaining the British List. Part of this responsibility is to monitor the occurrence of non-native species which may qualify for addition to Category C of the British List. To undertake this we require published information from which to work and which we can quote as reference.

The BOU encourages all observers to report records of non-native species to the relevant local bird recorder. Local recorders and those producing local, county or regional publications are encouraged to publish these records and to make these records available to the Rare Breeding Birds Panel (RBBP) who publish an annual report of non-native species breeding in Britain each year in British Birds (see below).

English names and sequence used on Category E follow Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. Gill, F. & Wright, M. 2006. Helm, London.

The Gill & Wright reference in the first column denotes the G&W number and each species’ native region:

AFR = Africa, AUS = Australasia, NEA = Nearctic, NEO = Neotropics, ORI = Oriental, PAL = Palearctic.

Ref – this refers to the first Rare Breeding Birds Panel (RBBP) report the species was included (for reports of breeding birds or birds recorded in suitable habitat during the breeding season) and other key updates in subsequent RBBP reports and other key references.

	Gill & Wright name	*Scientific name*	Cat.	Ref.
00011 AFR	Common Ostrich	Struthio camelus	E
00528 AFR	Helmeted Guineafowl	Numida meleagris	E*	3
00547 NEA	Mountain Quail	Oreortyx pictus	E
00240 PAL	Snow Partridge	Lerwa lerwa	E
00256 PAL	Rock Partridge	Alectoris graeca	E
00257 PAL	Chukar Partridge	Alectoris chukar	E*
00260 PAL	Barbary Partridge	Alectoris barbara	E
00261 PAL	Red-legged Partridge	Alectoris rufa	CE*
00325 PAL	Grey Partridge	Perdix perdix	ACE*
00336 PAL	Common Quail	Coturnix coturnix	AE*
00339 PAL	Japanese Quail	Coturnix japonica	E
00417 ORI	Red Junglefowl	Gallus gallus	E
00427 ORI	Silver Pheasant	Lophura nycthemera	E*
00446 PAL	Blue Eared Pheasant	Crossoptilon auritum	E
00454 PAL	Reeves's Pheasant	Syrmaticus reevesii	E*
00456 PAL	Common Pheasant	Phasianus colchicus	CE*
NEW ORI	Green Pheasant	Phasianus versicolor	E	1
00461 PAL	Golden Pheasant	Chrysolophus pictus	CE*
00462 ORI	Lady Amherst's Pheasant	Chrysolophus amherstiae	CE*
00481 ORI	Indian Peafowl	Pavo cristatus	E*	3
00500 PAL	Black Grouse	Lyrurus tetrix	AE
00613 NEO	Fulvous Whistling Duck	Dendrocygna bicolor	E
00615 ORI	Lesser Whistling Duck	Dendrocygna javanica	E
00616 NEO	White-faced Whistling Duck	Dendrocygna viduata	E
00626 NEA	Ruddy Duck	Oxyura jamaicensis	CE*
00628 PAL	White-headed Duck	Oxyura leucocephala	E
00629 AFR	Maccoa Duck	Oxyura maccoa	E
00635 NEO	Black-headed Duck	Heteronetta atricapilla	E
00642 AUS	Black Swan	Cygnus atratus	E*
00643 NEO	Black-necked Swan	Cygnus melanocoryphus	E
00645 PAL	Whooper Swan	Cygnus cygnus	AE*
00646 NEA	Trumpeter Swan	Cygnus buccinator	E
00651 NEO	Coscoroba Swan	Coscoroba coscoroba	E
00655 PAL	Swan Goose	Anser cygnoides	E*
00657 PAL	Pink-footed Goose	Anser brachyrhynchus	AE*
00658 PAL	Bean Goose	Anser fabalis	AE
00661 PAL	Greater White-fronted Goose	Anser albifrons	AE*
00664 PAL	Lesser White-fronted Goose	Anser erythropus	AE*
00665 PAL	Greylag Goose	Anser anser	ACE*
00666 PAL	Bar-headed Goose	Anser indicus	E*
00667 PAL	Snow Goose	Chen caerulescens	ACE*
00670 NEA	Ross's Goose	Chen rossii	E*
00671 PAL	Emperor Goose	Chen canagica	E*
00674 NEA	Canada Goose	Branta canadensis	E
NEW NEA	Cackling Goose	Branta hutchinsii	E
00679 PAL	Barnacle Goose	Branta leucopsis	ACE*
00680 PAL	Brant Goose	Branta bernicla	AE
00683 PAL	Red-breasted Goose	Branta ruficollis	AE*
00685 AUS	Cape Barren Goose	Cereopsis novaehollandiae	E
00687 AFR	Blue-winged Goose	Cyanochen cyanoptera	E
00690 NEO	Upland Goose	Chloephaga picta	E*
00695 NEO	Orinoco Goose	Neochen jubata	E
00697 AFR	Egyptian Goose	Alopochen aegyptiaca	CE*
00700 PAL	Ruddy Shelduck	Tadorna ferruginea	BE*
00701 AFR	South African Shelduck	Tadorna cana	E
00703 AUS	Australian Shelduck	Tadorna tadornoides	E
00704 AUS	Paradise Shelduck	Tadorna variegata	E
00707 AUS	Raja Shelduck	Tadorna radjah	E
00717 NEA	Muscovy Duck	Cairina moschata	E*
00724 NEA	Comb Duck	Sarkidiornis sylvicola	E
00731 NEO	Ringed Teal	Callonetta leucophrys	E
00733 NEA	Wood Duck	Aix sponsa	E*
00734 PAL	Mandarin Duck	Aix galericulata	CE*
00736 AUS	Maned Duck	Chenonetta jubata	E
00751 AFR	Cape Teal	Anas capensis	E
00755 PAL	Falcated Duck	Anas falcata	DE
00757 PAL	Eurasian Wigeon	Anas penelope	AE*
00758 NEA	American Wigeon	Anas americana	AE
00759 NEO	Chiloe Wigeon	Anas sibilatrix	E
00764 PAL	Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos	ACE*
00773 ORI	Philippine Duck	Anas luzonica	E
00775 AFR	Yellow-billed Duck	Anas undulata	E
00777 NEA	Blue-winged Teal	Anas discors	E
00778 NEA	Cinnamon Teal	Anas cyanoptera	E*
00780 NEO	Red Shoveler	Anas platalea	E
00781 AUS	Australasian Shoveler	Anas rhynchotis	E
00790 AUS	Chestnut Teal	Anas castanea	E
00794 NEA	White-cheeked Pintail	Anas bahamensis	E
00797 AFR	Red-billed Teal	Anas erythrorhyncha	E
00798 NEO	Speckled Teal	Anas flavirostris	E
00802 PAL	Northern Pintail	Anas acuta	AE
00806 NEO	Yellow-billed Pintail	Anas georgica	E
00811 PAL	Baikal Teal	Anas formosa	DE
00817 NEO	Silver Teal	Anas versicolor	E
00818 AFR	Hottentot Teal	Anas hottentota	E
00822 PAL	Marbled Duck	Marmaronetta angustirostris	E
00826 PAL	Red-crested Pochard	Netta rufina	ACE*
00827 NEO	Rosy-billed Pochard	Netta peposaca	E
00831 PAL	Common Pochard	Aythya ferina	AE*
00832 NEA	Canvasback	Aythya valisineria	AE
00833 NEA	Redhead	Aythya americana	AE
00834 NEA	Ring-necked Duck	Aythya collaris	AE
00836 PAL	Ferruginous Duck	Aythya nyroca	AE
00838 PAL	Baer's Pochard	Aythya baeri	E
00842 AUS	New Zealand Scaup	Aythya novaeseelandiae	E
00870 PAL	Barrow's Goldeneye	Bucephala islandica	E
00871 NEA	Bufflehead	Bucephala albeola	E
00875 NEA	Hooded Merganser	Lophodytes cucullatus	DE
06142 PAL	Greater Flamingo	Phoenicopterus roseus	DE
06145 NEO	Chilean Flamingo	Phoenicopterus chilensis	E
06146 AFR	Lesser Flamingo	Phoeniconaias minor	E
06246 AFR	Yellow-billed Stork	Mycteria ibis	E
06252 PAL	Black Stork	Ciconia nigra	AE
06259 PAL	White Stork	Ciconia ciconia	AE
06154 NEO	Scarlet Ibis	Eudocimus ruber	E
06159 PAL	Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	AE
06161 NEO	Puna Ibis	Plegadis ridgwayi	E
06167 NEO	Buff-necked Ibis	Theristicus caudatus	E
06188 AFR	Sacred Ibis	Threskiornis aethiopicus	E
06193 AUS	Straw-necked Ibis	Threskiornis spinicollis	E
06203 PAL	Eurasian Spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia	AE
06205 AFR	African Spoonbill	Platalea alba	E
06065 PAL	Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	AE
06072 PAL	Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	E
06087 PAL	Black-crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	AE*
06117 ORI	Yellow Bittern	Ixobrychus sinensis	E
05933 NEO	Red-billed Tropicbird	Phaethon aethereus	E
06217 PAL	Great White Pelican	Pelecanus onocrotalus	E
06218 AFR	Pink-backed Pelican	Pelecanus rufescens	E
06220 PAL	Dalmatian Pelican	Pelecanus crispus	E
05977 NEA	Double-crested Cormorant	Phalacrocorax auritus	E
06231 NEA	Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus	E
06233 NEA	Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura	E
05858 NEA	American Kestrel	Falco sparverius	E
05867 ORI	Amur Falcon	Falco amurensis	E
05882 PAL	Lanner Falcon	Falco biarmicus	E
05883 ORI	Laggar Falcon	Falco jugger	E
05884 PAL	Saker Falcon	Falco cherrug	E
05885 PAL	Gyr Falcon	Falco rusticolus	AE
05886 NEA	Prairie Falcon	Falco mexicanus	E
05888 PAL	Peregrine Falcon	Falco peregrinus	AE
05889 PAL	Barbary Falcon	Falco pelegrinoides	E
05450 PAL	Red Kite	Milvus milvus	ACE*
05454 PAL	Black Kite	Milvus migrans	AE
05468 PAL	Pallas's Fish Eagle	Haliaeetus leucoryphus	E
05470 PAL	White-tailed Eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla	ACE*
05471 NEA	Bald Eagle	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	E
05481 PAL	Egyptian Vulture	Neophron percnopterus	E
05487 ORI	White-rumped Vulture	Gyps bengalensis	E
05488 ORI	Indian Vulture	Gyps indicus	E
05494 PAL	Griffon Vulture	Gyps fulvus	E
05514 AFR	Bateleur	Terathopius ecaudatus	E
05640 PAL	Northern Goshawk	Accipiter gentilis	ACE*
05687 NEO	Harris's Hawk	Parabuteo unicinctus	E
05703 NEA	Red-shouldered Hawk	Buteo lineatus	E
05721 NEA	Red-tailed Hawk	Buteo jamaicensis	E
05724 NEO	Rufous-tailed Hawk	Buteo ventralis	E
05726 PAL	Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo	AE
05756 PAL	Tawny Eagle	Aquila rapax	E
05766 PAL	Golden Eagle	Aquila chrysaetos	AE
05774 PAL	Booted Eagle	Hieraaetus pennatus	DE
05388 PAL	Osprey	Pandion haliaetus	AE*
04751 PAL	Purple Swamphen	Porphyrio porphyrio	E
04533 AFR	Grey Crowned Crane	Balearica regulorum	E
04541 PAL	Demoiselle Crane	Anthropoides virgo	E
04537 ORI	Sarus Crane	Grus antigone	E
05009 NEO	Peruvian Thick-knee	Burhinus superciliaris	E
04996 AFR	Snowy Sheathbill	Chionis albus	E
05130 PAL	Spur-winged Lapwing	Vanellus spinosus	E
05128 AFR	Blacksmith Lapwing	Vanellus armatus	E
05247 AFR	Grey-hooded Gull	Larus cirrocephalus	E
05250 AUS	Silver Gull	Larus novaehollandiae	E
04037 PAL	Common Pigeon	Columba livia	ACE*
04112 PAL	Laughing Dove	Streptopelia senegalensis	E
04155 AFR	Namaqua Dove	Oena capensis	E
04169 AUS	Crested Pigeon	Octophaps lophotes	E
04182 AUS	Diamond Dove	Geopelia cuneata	E
04184 AUS	Zebra Dove	Geopelia striata	E
02328 AUS	Sulphur-crested Cockatoo	Cacatua galerita	E
02341 AUS	Cockatiel	Nymphicus hollandicus	E
NEW AUS	Crimson Rosella	Platycercus elegans	E
NEW AUS	White-cheeked Rosella	Platycercus adscitus	E
02446 AUS	Red-fronted Parakeet	Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae	E
02470 AUS	Budgerigar	Melopsittacus undulatus	E*
02483 AFR	Grey Parrot	Psittacus erithacus	E
02490 AFR	Senegal Parrot	Poicephalus senegalus	E
02499 AFR	Red-headed Lovebird	Agapornis pullarius	E
02502 AFR	Rosy-faced Lovebird	Agapornis roseicollis	E
02527 ORI	Alexandrine Parakeet	Psittacula eupatria	E*
02529 PAL	Rose-ringed Parakeet	Psittacula krameri	CE*
02536 ORI	Plum-headed Parakeet	Psittacula cyanocephala	E
02541 ORI	Red-breasted Parakeet	Psittacula alexandri	E
02557 NEO	Scarlet Macaw	Ara macao	E
02571 NEO	Blue-crowned Parakeet	Aratinga acuticaudata	E*	1
02584 NEO	Red-masked Parakeet	Aratinga erythrogenys	E
02620 NEO	Burrowing Parrot	Cyanoliseus patagonus	E
02650 NEO	Monk Parakeet	Myiopsitta monachus	E
02752 NEO	Turquoise-fronted Amazon	Amazona aestiva	E
03551 PAL	Barn Owl	Tyto alba	AE*
03657 NEA	Great Horned Owl	Bubo virginianus	E
03659 PAL	Eurasian Eagle-Owl	Bubo bubo	E*
03688 PAL	Snowy Owl	Bubo scandiaca	AE
01975 AFR	White-fronted Bee-eater	Merops bullockoides	E
01655 PAL	Eurasian Hoopoe	Upupa epops	E
01475 NEO	Toco Toucan	Ramphastos toco	E
01158 NEA	Northern Flicker	Colaptes auratus	E
09074 PAL	Southern Grey Shrike	Lanius meridionalis	AE
09152 NEA	Black-whiskered Vireo	Vireo altiloquus	E
09665 ORI	Black-naped Oriole	Oriolus chinensis	E
09342 NEA	Blue Jay	Cyanocitta cristata	E
09415 ORI	Red-billed Blue Magpie	Urocissa erythrorhyncha	E
09461 PAL	Red-billed Chough	Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax	AE
10271 PAL	Bohemian Waxwing	Bombycilla garrulus	AE
10272 PAL	Japanese Waxwing	Bombycilla japonica	E
11647 PAL	Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	AE
13168 AFR	Desert Lark	Ammomanes deserti	E
13209 PAL	Crested Lark	Galerida cristata	AE
11749 ORI	Red-whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus	E
11751 ORI	Light-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis	E
11765 ORI	Red-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus cafer	E
11766 ORI	Sooty-headed Bulbul	Pycnonotus aurigaster	E
12926 ORI	Red-billed Leiothrix	Leiothrix lutea	E
12963 ORI	Dusky Fulvetta	Alcippe brunnea	E
13034 PAL	Vinous-throated Parrotbill	Paradoxornis webbianus	E
12149 ORI	Chestnut-flanked White-eye	Zosterops erythropleurus	E
12151 ORI	Oriental White-eye	Zosterops palpebrosus	E
12152 ORI	Japanese White-eye	Zosterops japonicus	E
11166 NEA	Northern Mockingbird	Mimus polyglottos	AE
11046 AFR	Purple Starling	Lamprotornis purpureus	E
11049 AFR	Greater Blue-eared Starling	Lamprotornis chalybaeus	E
11097 ORI	Brahminy Starling	Sturnus pagodarum	E
11102 PAL	White-shouldered Starling	Sturnus sinensis	E
11103 PAL	Rosy Starling	Sturnus roseus	AE
11107 PAL	White-cheeked Starling	Sturnus cineraceus	E
11108 ORI	Pied Myna	Sturnus contra	E
11123 ORI	Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	E
11145 ORI	Common Hill Myna	Gracula religiosa	E
10344 ORI	Siberian Thrush	Zoothera sibirica	AE
10484 ORI	Kessler's Thrush	Turdus kessleri	E
10560 NEA	American Robin	Turdus migratorius	AE
10310 PAL	Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitarius	AE
10675 ORI	Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher	Ficedula strophiata	E
10790 PAL	Red-flanked Bluetail	Tarsiger cyanurus	AE
10872 PAL	Daurian Redstart	Phoenicurus auroreus	E
10877 ORI	White-capped Redstart	Chaimarrornis leucocephalus	E
13366 AFR	Scarlet-chested Sunbird	Chalcomitra senegalensis	E
13390 AFR	Variable Sunbird	Cinnyris venustus	E
13520 AFR	Somali Sparrow	Passer castanopterus	E
13542 AFR	Sudan Golden Sparrow	Passer luteus	E
13743 AFR	Taveta Weaver	Ploceus castaneiceps	E
13753 AFR	Vitelline Masked Weaver	Ploceus vitellinus	E
13760 AFR	Village Weaver	Ploceus cucullatus	E
13825 AFR	Red-headed Weaver	Anaplectes rubriceps	E
13833 AFR	Red-billed Quelea	Quelea quelea	E
13847 AFR	Fire-fronted Bishop	Euplectes diadematus	E
13852 AFR	Black-winged Red Bishop	Euplectes hordeaceus	E
13855 AFR	Southern Red Bishop	Euplectes orix	E
13863 AFR	White-winged Widowbird	Euplectes albonotatus	E
13873 AFR	Long-tailed Widowbird	Euplectes progne	E
13968 AFR	Lavender Waxbill	Estrilda caerulescens	E
13981 AFR	Crimson-rumped Waxbill	Estrilda rhodopyga	E
13983 AFR	Black-rumped Waxbill	Estrilda troglodytes	E
13995 ORI	Red Avadavat	Amandava amandava	E
14023 AUS	Zebra Finch	Taeniopygia guttata	E
14059 ORI	Indian Silverbill	Lonchura malabarica	E
14069 ORI	White-rumped Munia	Lonchura striata	E
14076 ORI	Scaly-breasted Munia	Lonchura punctulata	E
14082 ORI	Black-headed Munia	Lonchura malacca	E
14087 ORI	White-headed Munia	Lonchura maja	E
14134 AFR	Pin-tailed Whydah	Vidua macroura	E
14148 PAL	Common Chaffinch	Fringilla coelebs	AE
14153 PAL	Red-fronted Serin	Serinus pusillus	E
14157 PAL	Atlantic Canary	Serinus canaria	E
14164 AFR	Yellow-crowned Canary	Serinus flavivertex	E
14250 NEA	American Goldfinch	Carduelis tristis	E
14280 PAL	Trumpeter Finch	Bucanetes githaginea	AE
14282 PAL	Desert Finch	Rhodospiza obsoleta	E
14284 PAL	Long-tailed Rosefinch	Uragus sibiricus	E
14301 PAL	Pallas's Rosefinch	Carpodacus roseus	E
14341 PAL	Yellow-billed Grosbeak	Eophona migratoria	E
14342 PAL	Japanese Grosbeak	Eophona personata	E
14694 NEA	Northern Parula	Parula americana	AE
14706 NEA	Magnolia Warbler	Dendroica magnolia	AE
14731 NEA	Blackpoll Warbler	Dendroica striata	AE
14742 NEA	American Redstart	Setophaga ruticilla	AE
15702 NEA	Baltimore Oriole	Icterus galbula	AE
15723 NEA	Yellow-headed Blackbird	Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus	E
15731 NEO	Yellow-hooded Blackbird	Chrysomus icterocephalus	E
15729 NEA	Red-winged Blackbird	Agelaius phoeniceus	E
14438 PAL	Ortolan Bunting	Emberiza hortulana	AE
14462 PAL	Black-headed Bunting	Emberiza melanocephala	AE
14465 PAL	Black-faced Bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	AE
14491 NEA	Song Sparrow	Melospiza melodia	AE
14495 NEA	Rufous-collared Sparrow	Zonotrichia capensis	E
14497 NEA	White-throated Sparrow	Zonotrichia albicollis	AE
14498 NEA	White-crowned Sparrow	Zonotrichia leucophrys	AE
14503 NEA	Dark-eyed Junco	Junco hyemalis	AE
14582 NEA	Spotted Towhee	Pipilo maculatus	E
14672 NEO	Red-crested Cardinal	Paroaria coronata	E
15352 NEO	Common Diuca	Diuca diuca	E
15401 NEO	Saffron Yellow Finch	Sicalis flaveola	E
15571 NEA	Black-headed Grosbeak	Pheucticus melanocephalus	E
15574 NEA	Northern Cardinal	Cardinalis cardinalis	E
15623 NEA	Lazuli Bunting	Passerina amoena	E
15624 NEA	Indigo Bunting	Passerina cyanea	AE
15625 NEA	Varied Bunting	Passerina versicolor	E
15626 NEA	Painted Bunting	Passerina ciris	E
15630 NEA	Orange-breasted Bunting	Passerina leclancherii	E

Note

The following species has been recorded from the Isle of Man.

12704 ORI Red-winged Laughing-thrush Garrulax formosus E* (Refs. 6,8)

References

Ogilvie, M. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel. 1999. Non-natives Report for 1996. British Birds 92: 176-182
Ogilvie, M. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel. 1999. Non-natives Report for 1997. British Birds 92: 472-476
Ogilvie, M. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel. 2000. Non-natives Report for 1998. British Birds 93: 428-433
Ogilvie, M. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel. 2001. Non-natives Report for 1999. British Birds 94: 518-522
Ogilvie, M. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel. 2002. Non-natives Report for 2000. British Birds 95: 631-635
Ogilvie, M. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel. 2003. Rare Non-natives Report for 2001. British Birds 96: 620-625
Ogilvie, M. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel. 2004. Rare Non-natives Report for 2002. British Birds 97: 633-637
Dudley, S.P. 2005. Changes to Category C of the British List. Ibis 147: 803-820.
Holling, M. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel. 2007. Rare Non-natives Report for 2003-05 - British Birds 100 (in prep.)

Updated 19-Jun-2008

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BOURC-TSC: Taxonomic changes

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